Książki

Anthropological archaeology and other disciplines concerned with the formation of early complex societies are undergoing a theoretical shift stemming from the realization that the social evolution of complex societies was more varied and complex than imagined.
Given the need for new directions in theory, the book proposes that anthropologists look to political science, especially the rational choice theory of collective action. Collective action theorists propose that state formation results from the strategic behavior of rational and self-interested actors who make up the polity, including a political elite and those outside the official structure of the state. The theory proposes that the form taken by a state will depend on the bargaining power , of rulers and taxpayers. Where taxpayers have more resources with which to bargain, it is predicted that rulers will concede benefits to taxpayers and will agree to restrictions on their power.
The authors subject collective action theory to a methodologically rigorous evaluation using systematic cross-cultural analysis based on a world-wide sample of societies. The results presented here indicate strong support for most elements of the theory, but some results, in particular those pertaining to the control of ruler behavior, suggest the possibility that there are contexts in which collective action may play out in ways not anticipated by the theory.
While this type of theoretical modeling is commonly seen in political science research, this volume is unique in its approach from an anthropological and archaeological viewpoint.

Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States

Introduction The Rise and Demise of Neoevolutionist Theory.- The Theory of Collective Action as Applied to Pre-Modern States.- Historical Backgrounds to the Study Regions and the Coded Societies, Part I: Introduction and East Asia.- Background to State Formation and the Coded Polities in Southeast Asia.- Background to State Formation and the Coded Polities in South Asia and the Coded Polities .- Background to Sub-Saharan African State Formation.- Background to State Formation in Western Eurasia and the Mediterranean/North Africa.- Background to the New World States.- Material and Social Background to the Coded Societies of East Asia and Tibet.- Material and Social Background to the Coded Southeast Asian Societies.- Material and Social Background to the Coded Societies of South Asia.- Material and Social Background to the Coded African Societies.- Material and Social Background to the Coded Societies of West Eurasia and the Mediterranean/North Africa.- Material and Social Background to the New World Coded Societies.- A Method for Comparing Revenue Sources.- Public Goods.- Bureaucratization.- Modes of Control of the Behavior of Principals.- Main Results and Conclusions.- Conclusions, Part II: Collective Action in Relation to World-System, Region, and Community.- Final Reflections on Collective Action as an Approach to the Study of Pre-Modern States.- What is a Modern State?